Calculate Flow Anomalies

Flow anomalies are a dimensionless term that reflects the difference in in current discharges compared to past discharges. A positive flow anomaly indicates the current time period, $T_{1}$, is wetter than the precedent time period, $T_{2}$.

Usage

fa(discharge, dates, T_1, T_2, clean_up = FALSE, transform = "log10")

Arguments

discharge: numeric vector of daily discharges
dates: vector of dates coresponding to daily discharge measurements. Must be class "Date".
T_1: size of period $T_{1}$ preceding a given day t. Specified in the same way as the by argument in seq.POSIXt.
T_2: size of period $T_{2}$ preceding a given day t. Specified in the same way as the by argument in seq.POSIXt. Period T_2 is expected to be longer than T_1.
clean_up: logical. runs .... prior to ....
transform: on of NA, log, log10,

Value

vector of numeric values corresponding to $X_{T_1}(t) - X_{T_2}(t)$.

Details

The FA term describes how different the antecedent discharge conditions are for a selected temporal period compared to a selected period or day of analysis. Ryberg and Vecchia (2014) and Vechia et al. (2009) describe the flow anomaly (FA) term as:

$$FA(t)=X_{T_1}(t) - X_{T_2}(t)$$

The T_1 and T_2 arguments can be specified as character strings containing one of "sec", "min", "hour", "day", "DSTday", "week", "month", "quarter", or "year". This is generally preceded by an integer and a space. Can also be followed by an "s". Additionally, T_2 accepts "period" which coresponds with the mean of the entire flow record.

References

Ryberg, Karen R., and Aldo V. Vecchia. 2012. “WaterData—An R Package for Retrieval, Analysis, and Anomaly Calculation of Daily Hydrologic Time Series Data.” Open Filer Report 2012-1168. National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Reston, VA: USGS. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/.

Vecchia, Aldo V., Robert J. Gilliom, Daniel J. Sullivan, David L. Lorenz, and Jeffrey D. Martin. 2009. “Trends in Concentrations and Use of Agricultural Herbicides for Corn Belt Rivers, 1996-2006.” Environmental Science & Technology 43 (24): 9096–9102. doi:10.1021/es902122j .

Examples

 ## examples from Ryberg & Vechia 2012
 ## Long-term Flow Anomaly LTFA
 LTFA <- fa(lavaca$Flow,
            dates = lavaca$Date,
            T_1 = "1 year",
            T_2 = "period",
            clean_up = TRUE,
            transform = "log10")

 # \donttest{

 ## Mid-term Flow Anomaly MTFA
 MTFA <- fa(lavaca$Flow,
            dates = lavaca$Date,
            T_1 = "1 month",
            T_2 = "1 year",
            clean_up = TRUE,
            transform = "log10")

 ## Short-term Flow Anomaly STFA
 STFA <- fa(lavaca$Flow,
            dates = lavaca$Date,
            T_1 = "1 day",
            T_2 = "1 month",
            clean_up = TRUE,
            transform = "log10")
 # }